Avaliação da presença de cuidador familiar de idosos com déficits cognitivo e funcional residentes em Belo Horizonte-MG / Evaluation of the presence of family caregivers of elderly with cognitive and functional deficits living in Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Detectar a população idosa com declínio cognitivo e funcional moradora da região abrangida por uma unidade básica de saúde UBS em Belo Horizonte-MG, descrever seu perfil sociodemográfico e avaliar a presença de cuidador familiar. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal a partir de pesquisa do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho em Saúde PET-Saúde, na Linha de Cuidados de Saúde do Idoso. Do total da amostra, foram selecionados para análise idosos com escore do Miniexame do Estado Mental MEEM menor que 18, totalizando 91 indivíduos. As variáveis sociodemográficas analisadas foram idade, gênero, renda, escolaridade, morar sozinho e ter cuidador familiar. Também foi analisada a força de preensão manual. RESULTADOS: 25% dos idosos entrevistados apresentaram MEEM menor que 18. Destes, 80% eram mulheres; as idades variaram entre 60 e 96 anos; 12% moravam sozinhos; 85% não tinham cuidador familiar. No geral, apresentaram baixos graus de instrução e renda; 52,31% dos que foram submetidos à medida de força de preensão manual podem ser considerados pré-frágeis. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos idosos deste estudo não possui cuidador familiar, além disso, há idosos com déficit cognitivo e funcional morando sozinhos.

OBJECTIVE: Detect elderly with cognitive and functional decline living in the area covered by a basic health unit BHU in Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, describe their profile and assess the presence of family caregivers. METHOD: Cross-sectional study from research of Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho em Saúde PET-Saúde, in the área of Elderly Health Care. From the whole sample, were selected for analysis elderly individuals with Mini-Mental State Examination MMSE less than 18, totaling 91 individuals. We analyzed age, gender, income, education, grip strength, living alone and having family caregiver. RESULTS: 25% of the subjects interviewed had MMSE less than 18. Among these, 80% were women, ages ranged between 60 and 96 years, 12% lived alone, 85% had no family caregiver. Overall, they had low levels of education and income; 52.31% of those who underwent handgrip strength measurement can be considered pre-frail. CONCLUSION: Most elderly in this study do not have family caregivers, in addition, there are elderly with cognitive and functional deficits living alone.

Changes in mastectomy rates at a Brazilian public hospital over 20 years (1989 to 2008).

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Recently, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has been replacing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in mastectomy and BCS rates and the factors relating to these shifts. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study in a Brazilian public hospital. METHODS: Pathological records from female patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG), between 1989 and 2008 were reviewed. The mastectomy and BCS rates were calculated. The chi-square test was used to assess factors associated with type of surgical treatment and to compare trends in treatment type over the years. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2008, 2050 breast cancer surgical specimens were received in our service, corresponding to 1973 patients; 1324 (64.6%) of them were from mastectomy and 726 (35.4%) from BCS. A shift from mastectomy towards BCS was observed (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, earlier year of surgery (P < 0.001), larger tumor size (P < 0.001), having at least one positive axillary lymph node (P < 0.001) and patients' age greater than 68 years (P = 0.007) were predictors of mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: There was a shift from mastectomy towards BCS in our institution over the years. This may reflect consolidation of BCS (plus radiotherapy) as an equivalent treatment to mastectomy in terms of survival and a shift to earlier diagnosis for the disease.

Changes in mastectomy rates at a Brazilian public hospital over 20 years (1989 to 2008) / Mudanças nas taxas de mastectomia em um hospital público brasileiro ao longo de 20 anos (1989 a 2008)

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Recently, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has been replacing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in mastectomy and BCS rates and the factors relating to these shifts. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study in a Brazilian public hospital. METHODS: Pathological records from female patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG), between 1989 and 2008 were reviewed. The mastectomy and BCS rates were calculated. The chi-square test was used to assess factors associated with type of surgical treatment and to compare trends in treatment type over the years. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2008, 2050 breast cancer surgical specimens were received in our service, corresponding to 1973 patients; 1324 (64.6%) of them were from mastectomy and 726 (35.4%) from BCS. A shift from mastectomy towards BCS was observed (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, earlier year of surgery (P < 0.001), larger tumor size (P < 0.001), having at least one positive axillary lymph node (P < 0.001) and patients' age greater than 68 years (P = 0.007) were predictors of mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: There was a shift from mastectomy towards BCS in our institution over the years. This may reflect consolidation of BCS (plus radiotherapy) as an equivalent treatment to mastectomy in terms of survival and a shift to earlier diagnosis for the disease.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Recentemente, a cirurgia conservadora tem substituído a mastectomia para tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as mudanças nas taxas de mastectomia e cirurgia conservadora e os fatores relacionados a essas mudanças. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo em hospital público brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Dados patológicos das pacientes submetidas a cirurgia para câncer de mama no Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG), de 1989 a 2008, foram revistos. As taxas de mastectomia e cirurgia conservadora foram calculadas. O teste qui-quadrado foi usado para avaliar fatores relacionados ao tipo de tratamento cirúrgico empregado e comparar tendências de tipo de tratamento ao longo dos anos. Regressão logística foi usada para análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: De 1989 a 2008, 2.050 espécimes cirúrgicos de câncer de mama foram recebidos em nosso serviço, correspondentes a 1.973 pacientes; 1.324 (64,6%) correspondentes a mastectomia e 726 (35,4%) correspondentes a cirurgia conservadora. A cirurgia conservadora se tornou mais frequente ao longo dos anos (P < 0,001). Em análise multivariada, ano mais precoce da cirurgia (P < 0,001), maior tamanho tumoral (P < 0,001), ter ao menos um linfonodo axilar positivo (P < 0,001) e idade maior de 68 anos (P = 0,007) foram preditores de mastectomia. CONCLUSÕES: As cirurgias conservadoras se tornaram mais frequentes em relação às mastectomias ao longo dos anos. Isso pode refletir a consolidação da cirurgia conservadora (associada a radioterapia) como equivalente à mastectomia em termos de sobrevida, bem como diagnóstico mais precoce da doença.